18th March 2022
One of the areas of focus of this blog is what I call the ‘accountability gap’ – that is the lack of genuine accountability in the arrangements of United Kingdom government and public administration.
And one element of this accountability gap is the problem of the ‘Ombudsman’ – the Parliamentary Commissioner for Public Administration.
This is a strange and fairly obscure office and it exists to deal with what is – from a legal perspective – a strange and elusive thing: ‘maladministration’.
(My post on the obscurity of the office is here and my post on the vague concept of maladministration is here.)
It is also an office that is not without its critics – as this link demonstrates.
Part of the problem with the Ombudsman seems to me to be structural – the relevant legislation provides a strange mix of strong powers and a weak sense of purpose.
But some of the problem may be operational – that the PHSO (as it is now known) does not operate as well as it could do, even with its curious legal regime.
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The current Ombudsman has just had his term of office extended – and, as you can imagine, this has not been received well by the critics of the Ombudsman.
The extension is for a further period of two years, which will take his term in office to 2024.
One may doubt whether such an extension is wise – and the recent extension of office of the now-departing Metropolitan police commissioner comes to mind as an unwise extension of office.
I have been, however, asked to look at whether the extension is unlawful.
Here we need to look at section 1 of the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967:
We also need to look at last week’s press release:
Curiously there seems no trace on the website of the Cabinet Office of the confirmation, or on the website of the parliamentary committee of such a recommendation – but let us assume that the confirmation and recommendation both actually happened.
And by way of background, the current Ombudsman was appointed in April 2017, and was widely reported that the original appointment was for a five-year term (which must be correct, else there would be no need for an extension).
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So, looking at section 1, what can we ascertain?
Section 1(2A) provides that the Ombudsman is shall hold office until the end of the period for which he or she is appointed.
On the face of it, that would mean the current Ombudsman’s term comes to an end next month, for that was the position of the original appointment.
Section 1(3B) provides that a person cannot be ‘re-appointed’ as Ombudsman.
So if the extension was a re-appointment that would be unlawful under section 1(3B).
And section 1(2B) provides that the period of appointment shall not be no more than seven years in total.
That provision means that if the current Ombudsman served beyond April 2024 then that would certainly be unlawful.
What is not clear on the face of the legislation is what the legal position is if an office holder has an extension beyond his or her original appointment, as long as that extension does not mean more than seven years in total are served.
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In practical terms, it could be argued that by extending the appointment before it expired, then the appointment is simply continuing.
It can also be argued that section 1(2A) does not say or necessarily imply that that an Ombudsman cannot hold office after the period for which he or she is appointed – section 1(2A) only says that they must hold the office until the end of the appointment.
On balance, I think that although the position is not clear, the extension does not look to be unlawful.
Nothing in section 1 expressly prohibits such an extension.
Had section 1(2B) said that the period of appointment shall never be longer than the duration of the original appointment, then such an extension would be unlawful.
But section 1(2B) does not say that – it instead expressly states that the duration should not exceed seven years.
And because there is this express long-stop, I do not think a court would easily imply into the Act an even shorter long-stop as a matter of law.
I also do not think the court would see the extension as a ‘re-appointment’, as it is a continuation of an existing appointment and not the start of a fresh term of office.
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Public law is full of these situations where the legal position is not clear – and it may be that my analysis above is incorrect – and you are welcome to put forward your view below.
But the fact that the extension is (probably) legal does not necessarily mean that it is a good decision.
What may be a legal thing to do is not always the right thing to do.
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